Diana Foster, PhD, MA

Demographer
Ob/Gyn, Reproductive Sciences
+1 415 353-4971

Diana Greene Foster is a Demographer and Professor at the University of California, San Francisco, and Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH).

Dr. Foster uses quantitative models and analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of family planning policies and the effect of unintended pregnancy on women’s lives. She led the Turnaway Study, a longitudinal prospective study of almost 1,000 women who received or were denied wanted abortions from 30 facilities across the United States. She also leads a Global Turnaway Study, documenting the experience of women denied abortions in five other countries where it is legal: Bangladesh, Colombia, Nepal, South Africa and Tunisia.

In addition, Dr. Foster studies women's preferences for specific contraceptive features, including IUD self-removability and over-the counter-access to oral contraceptives. Her work evaluating Family PACT, the California State family planning program, demonstrated the effectiveness of the program in reducing the incidence of unintended pregnancy, as well as the financial and health benefits of dispensing a one-year supply of contraception. Dr. Foster also created a new methodology for estimating pregnancies averted, based on a Markov model and a microsimulation to identify the cost-effectiveness of advance provision of emergency contraception.

Dr. Foster received her undergraduate degree in Political Economy of Natural Resources from UC Berkeley, her MA in Public and International Affairs from Princeton University, and her PhD in Demography and Public Policy from Princeton University.

Publications: 

Correcting the scientific record on abortion and mental health outcomes.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

Littell JH, Abel KM, Biggs MA, Blum RW, Foster DG, Haddad LB, Major B, Munk-Olsen T, Polis CB, Robinson GE, Rocca CH, Russo NF, Steinberg JR, Stewart DE, Stotland NL, Upadhyay UD, van Ditzhuijzen J

Denial of legal abortion in Nepal.

PloS one

Puri MC, Raifman S, Daniel S, Karki S, Maharjan DC, Ahlbach C, Diamond-Smith N, Foster DG

Commentary: The Turnaway Study: A case of self-correction in science upended by political motivation and unvetted findings.

Frontiers in psychology

Biggs A, Foster DG, Gould H, Kimport K, Ralph L, Roberts S, Rocca C, Sisson G, Upadhyay U, Woodruff K

Intimate relationships after receiving versus being denied an abortion: A 5-year prospective study in the United States.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Upadhyay UD, Foster DG, Gould H, Biggs MA

Denial of Abortion Because of Provider Gestational Age Limits in the United States.

American journal of public health

Upadhyay UD, Weitz TA, Jones RK, Barar RE, Foster DG

Socioeconomic Outcomes of Women Who Receive and Women Who Are Denied Wanted Abortions in the United States.

American journal of public health

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Ralph L, Gerdts C, Roberts S, Glymour MM

Comparison of Pregnancy Preferences Preceding vs Year 1 of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

JAMA network open

Rocca CH, Parra M, Muñoz I, Foster DG, Boscardin WJ, Ralph LJ

The Court is ignoring science.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

Foster DG

Predictors of prior unsuccessful pharmacy abortion attempts among women presenting for abortion in government certified clinics in Nepal.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Ahlbach C, Puri MC, Daniel S, Rocca CH, Karki S, Foster DG

Timing of pregnancy discovery among women seeking abortion.

Contraception

Foster DG, Gould H, Biggs MA

Association of Travel Distance to Nearest Abortion Facility With Rates of Abortion.

JAMA network open

Thompson KMJ, Sturrock HJW, Foster DG, Upadhyay UD

Prevalence of Self-Managed Abortion Among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States.

JAMA network open

Ralph L, Foster DG, Raifman S, Biggs MA, Samari G, Upadhyay U, Gerdts C, Grossman D

Fertility intentions and recent births among US abortion patients.

Contraception

Jones RK, Foster DG, Biggs MA

Development and Validation of the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults.

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

Upadhyay UD, Danza PY, Neilands TB, Gipson JD, Brindis CD, Hindin MJ, Foster DG, Dworkin SL

Comparing Prospective and Retrospective Reports of Pregnancy Intention in a Longitudinal Cohort of U.S. Women.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Ralph LJ, Foster DG, Rocca CH

The effect of receiving versus being denied an abortion on making and achieving aspirational 5-year life plans.

BMJ sexual & reproductive health

McCarthy MA, Upadhyay U, Ralph L, Biggs MA, Foster DG

Physical Health of Women After Seeking Abortion Services.

Annals of internal medicine

Ralph LJ, Schwarz EB, Grossman D, Foster DG

Pregnancy preferences and contraceptive use among US women.

Contraception

Samari G, Foster DG, Ralph LJ, Rocca CH

A Prospective Cohort Study of the Effect of Receiving versus Being Denied an Abortion on Educational Attainment.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Ralph LJ, Mauldon J, Biggs MA, Foster DG

Dualities between Tunisian provider beliefs and actions in abortion care.

Reproductive health matters

Raifman S, Hajri S, Gerdts C, Foster D

Effects of Carrying an Unwanted Pregnancy to Term on Women's Existing Children.

The Journal of pediatrics

Foster DG, Raifman SE, Gipson JD, Rocca CH, Biggs MA

Providers' perspectives on denial of abortion care in Nepal: a cross sectional study.

Reproductive health

Puri MC, Raifman S, Khanal B, Maharjan DC, Foster DG

Intended pregnancy after receiving vs. being denied a wanted abortion.

Contraception

Upadhyay UD, Aztlan-James EA, Rocca CH, Foster DG

Five-Year Suicidal Ideation Trajectories Among Women Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion.

The American journal of psychiatry

Biggs MA, Gould H, Barar RE, Foster DG

Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer.

The New England journal of medicine

Schwarz EB, Foster DG, Grossman D

Attitudes Toward Abortion After Receiving vs. Being Denied an Abortion in the USA.

Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP

Woodruff K, Biggs MA, Gould H, Foster DG

Changes in Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use Over Five Years After Receiving Versus Being Denied a Pregnancy Termination.

Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs

Roberts SCM, Foster DG, Gould H, Biggs MA

Subsequent Unintended Pregnancy Among US Women Who Receive or Are Denied a Wanted Abortion.

Journal of midwifery & women's health

Aztlan EA, Foster DG, Upadhyay U

Socioeconomic Outcomes of Women Who Receive and Women Who Are Denied Wanted Abortions in the United States.

American journal of public health

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Ralph L, Gerdts C, Roberts S, Glymour MM

Contraceptive Use over Five Years After Receipt Or Denial of Abortion Services.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Moseson H, Foster DG, Upadhyay UD, Vittinghoff E, Rocca CH

The Impact of a Parental Notification Requirement on Illinois Minors' Access to and Decision-Making Around Abortion.

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

Ralph LJ, King E, Belusa E, Foster DG, Brindis CD, Biggs MA

'I felt the world crash down on me': Women's experiences being denied legal abortion in Colombia.

Reproductive health

DePiñeres T, Raifman S, Mora M, Villarreal C, Foster DG, Gerdts C

Effect of Knowledge of Self-removability of Intrauterine Contraceptives on Uptake, Continuation, and Satisfaction.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Raifman S, Barar R, Foster D

Mental Health Outcomes After Having or Being Denied an Abortion-Reply.

JAMA psychiatry

Biggs MA, Upadhyay UD, Foster DG

Distance traveled for Medicaid-covered abortion care in California.

BMC health services research

Johns NE, Foster DG, Upadhyay UD

Adoption Decision Making among Women Seeking Abortion.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Sisson G, Ralph L, Gould H, Foster DG

Measuring decisional certainty among women seeking abortion.

Contraception

Ralph LJ, Foster DG, Kimport K, Turok D, Roberts SCM

Which women are missed by primary health-care based interventions for alcohol and drug use?

Addictive behaviors

Roberts SC, Ralph LJ, Wilsnack SC, Foster DG

Racial and ethnic differences in women's preferences for features of contraceptive methods.

Contraception

Jackson AV, Karasek D, Dehlendorf C, Foster DG

'This Is Real Misery': Experiences of Women Denied Legal Abortion in Tunisia.

PloS one

Hajri S, Raifman S, Gerdts C, Baum S, Foster DG

Moderators and mediators of the relationship between receiving versus being denied a pregnancy termination and subsequent binge drinking.

Drug and alcohol dependence

Roberts SC, Subbaraman MS, Delucchi KL, Wilsnack SC, Foster DG

Side Effects, Physical Health Consequences, and Mortality Associated with Abortion and Birth after an Unwanted Pregnancy.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Gerdts C, Dobkin L, Foster DG, Schwarz EB

The effect of abortion on having and achieving aspirational one-year plans.

BMC women's health

Upadhyay UD, Biggs MA, Foster DG

Projections and opinions from 100 experts in long-acting reversible contraception.

Contraception

Foster DG, Barar R, Gould H, Gomez I, Nguyen D, Biggs MA

Mental Health Diagnoses 3 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion in the United States.

American journal of public health

Biggs MA, Neuhaus JM, Foster DG

Decision Rightness and Emotional Responses to Abortion in the United States: A Longitudinal Study.

PloS one

Rocca CH, Kimport K, Roberts SC, Gould H, Neuhaus J, Foster DG

Receiving Versus Being Denied a Pregnancy Termination and Subsequent Alcohol Use: A Longitudinal Study.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

Roberts SC, Delucchi K, Wilsnack SC, Foster DG

Receiving versus being denied an abortion and subsequent tobacco use.

Maternal and child health journal

Roberts SC, Foster DG

Potential public sector cost-savings from over-the-counter access to oral contraceptives.

Contraception

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Phillips KA, Grindlay K, Grossman D

A comparison of depression and anxiety symptom trajectories between women who had an abortion and women denied one.

Psychological medicine

Foster DG, Steinberg JR, Roberts SC, Neuhaus J, Biggs MA

Denial of abortion in legal settings.

The journal of family planning and reproductive health care

Gerdts C, DePiñeres T, Hajri S, Harries J, Hossain A, Puri M, Vohra D, Foster DG

Alcohol use before and during unwanted pregnancy.

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research

Roberts SC, Wilsnack SC, Foster DG, Delucchi KL

Risk of violence from the man involved in the pregnancy after receiving or being denied an abortion.

BMC medicine

Roberts SC, Biggs MA, Chibber KS, Gould H, Rocca CH, Foster DG

Effect of abortion vs. carrying to term on a woman's relationship with the man involved in the pregnancy.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Mauldon J, Foster DG, Roberts SC

Does abortion reduce self-esteem and life satisfaction?

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation

Biggs MA, Upadhyay UD, Steinberg JR, Foster DG

Attitudes toward over-the-counter access to oral contraceptives among a sample of abortion clients in the United States.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Grindlay K, Foster DG, Grossman D

Development and validation of a reproductive autonomy scale.

Studies in family planning

Upadhyay UD, Dworkin SL, Weitz TA, Foster DG

Out-of-pocket costs and insurance coverage for abortion in the United States.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Roberts SC, Gould H, Kimport K, Weitz TA, Foster DG

Interest in and experience with IUD self-removal.

Contraception

Foster DG, Grossman D, Turok DK, Peipert JF, Prine L, Schreiber CA, Jackson AV, Barar RE, Schwarz EB

Implementing a prospective study of women seeking abortion in the United States: understanding and overcoming barriers to recruitment.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Dobkin LM, Gould H, Barar RE, Ferrari M, Weiss EI, Foster DG

Relationship between ultrasound viewing and proceeding to abortion.

Obstetrics and gynecology

Gatter M, Kimport K, Foster DG, Weitz TA, Upadhyay UD

The role of intimate partners in women's reasons for seeking abortion.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Chibber KS, Biggs MA, Roberts SC, Foster DG

The role of parents and partners in minors' decisions to have an abortion and anticipated coping after abortion.

The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

Ralph L, Gould H, Baker A, Foster DG

Who seeks abortions at or after 20 weeks?

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Foster DG, Kimport K

Receiving versus being denied an abortion and subsequent drug use.

Drug and alcohol dependence

Roberts SCM, Rocca CH, Foster DG

Denial of abortion because of provider gestational age limits in the United States.

American journal of public health

Upadhyay UD, Weitz TA, Jones RK, Barar RE, Foster DG

Women's emotions one week after receiving or being denied an abortion in the United States.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Rocca CH, Kimport K, Gould H, Foster DG

Patient viewing of the ultrasound image prior to abortion.

Contraception

Kimport K, Upadhyay UD, Foster DG, Gatter M, Weitz TA

Understanding why women seek abortions in the US.

BMC women's health

Biggs MA, Gould H, Foster DG

Cost-savings from the provision of specific contraceptive methods in 2009.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Malvin J, Bradsberry M, Darney P, Brindis CD

Predictors of abortion counseling receipt and helpfulness in the United States.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Gould H, Foster DG, Perrucci AC, Barar RE, Roberts SC

Access to levonorgestrel emergency contraception: science versus federal politics.

Women's health (London, England)

Thompson KM, Raine TR, Foster DG, Speidel JJ, Darney PD, Brindis CD, Harper CC

Interest in a pericoital pill among women in family planning and abortion clinics.

Contraception

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Grossman D, Schwarz EB

Misunderstanding the risk of conception from unprotected and protected sex.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Biggs MA, Foster DG

Denial of abortion care due to gestational age limits.

Contraception

Foster DG, Dobkin LM, Upadhyay UD

Effect of abortion protesters on women's emotional response to abortion.

Contraception

Foster DG, Kimport K, Gould H, Roberts SC, Weitz TA

Alcohol, tobacco and drug use as reasons for abortion.

Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)

Roberts SC, Avalos LA, Sinkford D, Foster DG

Contraceptive features preferred by women at high risk of unintended pregnancy.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Lessard LN, Karasek D, Ma S, Darney P, Deardorff J, Lahiff M, Grossman D, Foster DG

Patient education and emotional support practices in abortion care facilities in the United States.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Gould H, Perrucci A, Barar R, Sinkford D, Foster DG

Attitudes and decision making among women seeking abortions at one U.S. clinic.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Foster DG, Gould H, Taylor J, Weitz TA

Unprotected intercourse among women wanting to avoid pregnancy: attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Biggs MA, Karasek D, Foster DG

How women anticipate coping after an abortion.

Contraception

Foster DG, Gould H, Kimport K

Attitudes toward unprotected intercourse and risk of pregnancy among women seeking abortion.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Foster DG, Higgins JA, Karasek D, Ma S, Grossman D

Interest in using intrauterine contraception when the option of self-removal is provided.

Contraception

Foster DG, Karasek D, Grossman D, Darney P, Schwarz EB

Race, ethnicity and differences in contraception among low-income women: methods received by Family PACT Clients, California, 2001-2007.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Dehlendorf C, Foster DG, de Bocanegra HT, Brindis C, Bradsberry M, Darney P

Estimating the fertility effect of expansions of publicly funded family planning services in California.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Rostovtseva D, de Bocanegra HT, Darney PD, Brindis CD

Increased use of intrauterine contraception in California, 1997 to 2007.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Thompson KM, Foster DG, Harper CC

Willingness to have unprotected sex.

Journal of sex research

Foster DG, Higgins JA, Biggs MA, McCain C, Holtby S, Brindis CD

Number of oral contraceptive pill packages dispensed and subsequent unintended pregnancies.

Obstetrics and gynecology

Foster DG, Hulett D, Bradsberry M, Darney P, Policar M

Should providers give women advance provision of emergency contraceptive pills? A cost-effectiveness analysis.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Foster DG, Raine TR, Brindis C, Rostovtseva DP, Darney PD

Pharmacist interest in and attitudes toward direct pharmacy access to hormonal contraception in the United States.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

Landau S, Besinque K, Chung F, Dries-Daffner I, Maderas NM, McGhee BT, Foster DG

Cost savings from the provision of specific methods of contraception in a publicly funded program.

American journal of public health

Foster DG, Rostovtseva DP, Brindis CD, Biggs MA, Hulett D, Darney PD

Family planning and life planning reproductive intentions among individuals seeking reproductive health care.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Ralph LJ, Arons A, Brindis CD

Predictors of delay in each step leading to an abortion.

Contraception

Foster DG, Jackson RA, Cosby K, Weitz TA, Darney PD, Drey EA

Public savings from the prevention of unintended pregnancy: a cost analysis of family planning services in California.

Health services research

Amaral G, Foster DG, Biggs MA, Jasik CB, Judd S, Brindis CD

Risk factors for repeat elective abortion.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

Prager SW, Steinauer JE, Foster DG, Darney PD, Drey EA

Pharmacy access to emergency contraception in rural and frontier communities.

The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association

Bigbee JL, Abood R, Landau SC, Maderas NM, Foster DG, Ravnan S

Trends in knowledge of emergency contraception among women in California, 1999-2004.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Foster DG, Ralph LJ, Arons A, Brindis CD, Harper CC

Number of oral contraceptive pill packages dispensed, method continuation, and costs.

Obstetrics and gynecology

Foster DG, Parvataneni R, de Bocanegra HT, Lewis C, Bradsberry M, Darney P

Estimates of pregnancies averted through California's family planning waiver program in 2002.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Foster DG, Biggs MA, Amaral G, Brindis C, Navarro S, Bradsberry M, Stewart F

Pharmacy access to emergency contraception in California.

Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health

Foster DG, Landau SC, Monastersky N, Chung F, Kim N, Melton M, McGhee BT, Stewart F

Risk factors associated with presenting for abortion in the second trimester.

Obstetrics and gynecology

Drey EA, Foster DG, Jackson RA, Lee SJ, Cardenas LH, Darney PD

Willing and able? Provision of medication for abortion by future internists.

Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health

Schwarz EB, Luetkemeyer A, Foster DG, Weitz TA, Lindes D, Stewart FH

Expanded state-funded family planning services: estimating pregnancies averted by the Family PACT Program in California, 1997-1998.

American journal of public health

Foster DG, Klaisle CM, Blum M, Bradsberry ME, Brindis CD, Stewart FH

Contraceptive use and risk of unintended pregnancy in California.

Contraception

Foster DG, Bley J, Mikanda J, Induni M, Arons A, Baumrind N, Darney PD, Stewart F

Knowledge of emergency contraception among women aged 18 to 44 in California.

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

Foster DG, Harper CC, Bley JJ, Mikanda JJ, Induni M, Saviano EC, Stewart FH